Author: Adam

  • Memories of Ari Up

    At the start of September 2005 I moved into a new place: a rather Agatha Christie-esque 1930s apartment block at the posh end of Ladbroke Grove. I was there on a wing and a prayer, and so it has remained to this day but I very nearly got chucked out within the first week and here’s how…

    A couple of days after moving in I was walking down Golborne Road with a couple of friends when I saw Ari Up high stepping along towards me. She looked as striking as always. For Ari, there was no separation between the stage and the street. Tall and thin, with her light brown ginger dreadlocks  – some wound round her head, some reaching down to her backside – her freckled, sunburnt face, her clothes a unique mixture of Rasta and high fashion. People stared as she walked by. No changes there, no doubt they always had done. I smiled and waved at her. 

      “Ari!” I called out. I didn’t know her personally but like just about everyone who regularly attended her shows, I felt as if I did as she had dragged me up onstage several times (along with sundry other members of the audience) to sing backups for her. She stopped and smiled and said hello but she looked a bit perplexed. I asked her what she was doing. 

      “I’m waiting for a guitar player to reform The Slits with,” she said, her voice just like on my old Slits records – an insane mixture of accents: hoarse, posh English, precise Bavarian and foul mouthed Rastafarian Jamaican. She said she was supposed to meet this girl somewhere on the corner of Golborne and Portobello but so far she hadn’t been able to find her. It was a lovely late summer Saturday afternoon and I thought how perfect it was to bump into Ari Up looking to reform The Slits at such a time and place. My friends and I wished her luck and we left her there on the corner while we went off to The Lisboa – the Portuguese cafe at the end of Golborne Road. 

    Now It so happened that one of the friends I was with was a young female guitarist with dreadlocks of her own, twenty years or so less extended than Ari’s but enough to mark her out as an, um, enthusiast of Jamaican culture. My other friend and I had had the same thought and we were quick to vocalise it: 

      “You should have told her that you played guitar!” But the girl suffered from shyness, which was understandable, given Ari’s commanding presence. How does that old Morrissey lyric go? “Shyness is nice, but shyness can stop you from doing all the things in life you’d like to.” We sat outside the cafe drinking coffee and talking of this and that when suddenly Ari re-appeared with a young woman in tow. The young woman had a guitar case on her back so obviously Ari had made her connection. Ari greeted us warmly and described how Steve Beresford had recommended this girl to her as a good prospect. 

      “Are you looking for a guitarist?” my young friend suddenly piped up. She had obviously made a resolve and fought down her shyness. It was a big deal for her, I knew. Ari beamed at her. 

      “Yes! Do you play guitar?” My friend nodded in thinly disguised terror. “Competition!!” Ari virtually shouted in delight at the prospect. There was a pause you could have cut with a knife. 

      “I don’t do competition”, said the girl with the guitar case on her back, archly. 

      “Cooperation!” I blurted out in an attempt to diffuse the embarrassment. Ari immediately started rhyming something about “cooperation/ ease frustration” and giggled. The moment passed. I saw one last chance to get my friend and Ari together. 

      “Why don’t you come up to my place and have a jam?” I suggested. “I only live round the corner on Ladbroke Grove”. I wrote down the address for Ari and gave it to her. I could sense guitar case girl glaring at my friend. “The posh end”. 

      “The Posh End”, Ari repeated in mock-significant tones as she took the scrap of paper, but made no commitment. They wandered off. Oh well, we all exhaled. At least we’d given it a shot. 

    We didn’t suppose they’d turn up but we thought we’d better go back to my place and wait awhile just on the off chance. Sure enough, lo and behold, an hour or so later, there was a ring at the doorbell. I answered it. 

      “The Posh End”, came the same unmistakable mock-significant tones through the intercom. In walked Ari Up along with guitar case girl and a photographer pal she’d picked up along the way. It became immediately obvious that Ari Up in a confined space was a very different proposition to Ari Up on the street. She was far and away the loudest person I have ever met. Larger than life, or thereabouts. She wanted to put a tape on, something she wanted to play us. I obliged. No sooner had I done so than she reached across me and turned my hi-fi amp up louder than I thought it was possible to go. Just as I was certain my speakers would blow she declared my hi-fi system “shit” and turned it off. I didn’t mind. She was right. Besides, Ari Up was in my living room, what was I going to do? Argue with her? 

      “Let’s play”, she said. I sorted out leads and amps for two guitars, a bass (that it seemed I was going to play) and a vocal microphone. I sneakily set my friend up with a better sound than guitar case girl and struck a rudimentary sound balance. “Music teacher at de controls!” mocked Ari, giggling. (How did she know I was a music teacher? Was I wearing tweeds? No, I must have told her.) Then Ari took charge. She sang a reggae bassline to me and instructed me to play it. This I did. She sang it perfectly accurately and in tune about four octaves up. Amazing. Whilst I played it, she instructed the two guitarists in their parts – one skanking chords, one echoing the bassline. They messed up a couple of times and Ari corrected them with the vigour and briskness of a German schoolteacher. Very quickly, the groove took shape. 

      “Are you going to sing, Ari?” I asked, with just a hint of impatience. 

      “Music Teacher! Musi-cal Pimp!” she responded. She laughed one of the most mischievous laughs I’d ever heard. 

      “I’m not sure I want to be your musical pimp, Ari,” I said, in mock indignation, all the while trying to keep the bass part going. 

      “Well if you’re not going to be in The Slits you’ll have to get your share”, she said, reasonably. Before I could respond she started singing: “I’m an Island Girl” – and it sounded so lovely. All the ramshackle doodling noise in the room focused at once. Here was Ari Up – one of the world’s most unique singers, one of my favourite singers in the world, whose voice I had made friends with a quarter century before, that had accompanied my squatting days, my druggy days, a voice that had helped me decide who I was and what I wasn’t – singing in my living room. The reverie was short lived. Ari broke off and demanded another tune. I thought fast and found a little cassette recorder and set it going. Ari seemed pleased at this and repeated all her mock abuse of me for its benefit. But more than this, she seemed over the moon at the prospect of two guitarists working on her material rather than one. Cooperation, I had suggested, and so it was. 

      “Wait till I play it to Tessa!” Ari kept saying, indicating the tape recorder. Tessa Pollitt, The Slits original bass player, the best white reggae bassist I’d ever heard. I had met Tessa at Ari’s shows. She had all but stopped playing in the twenty plus years since The Slits had split. I had expressed incredulity, told her what an inspiration she had been to me when I was trying to learn bass, how much her behind-the-beat style had impressed me and my friends. She would blush and brush off the compliments. She was a martial artist now, a karate instructor; she hadn’t touched the bass in years. But she kept a piano and had transcribed a bit of Bach that she liked, by ear, over the course of a couple of years. Bach, transcribed by ear. It made me laugh to remember how The Slits had been treated in the punk days – as irritating girls at the boys party, irritating girls who couldn’t play. Oh, not by the inner circle, of course, but by the punk audience at large. But I’m getting ahead of myself.   

    We played for an hour or so. Ari taught us several songs. Her method was to sing the individual parts to us until we got them down to her satisfaction, then she would sing her lyrics and melodies over the top. I was oblivious to the neighbours complaints. They banged on the floor, they rapped at the door. To hell with them, I thought. I’m not letting them ruin this. Months later, I would realise the cost of this as court proceedings were instigated to try and get me evicted. I fought them off and even made peace with the neighbours in question. In the meantime, the phone rang. I ignored it. 

      “He’s one of us!” exclaimed Ari. “A boy Slit!” I tried and failed to keep cool. My Cheshire cat grin must have been splitting my face in half. Eventually, we stopped and played back the tape. Ari insisted I burn it onto a CD right away. She was staying with Tessa and she couldn’t wait to play it to her that night. We drank tea. My friend rolled herself a well-earned spliff. I realised it was obviously futile to expect Ari to explain anything but she seemed to want to talk. It turned out that, while she liked the American band she had put together to back her up on her solo shows, she really wanted to return to the collaborative atmosphere she used to enjoy with The Slits and had decided that the time was right to attempt a reunion – with Tessa. It seemed that Viv Albertine (The Slits original guitarist) was out of the picture but Ari was confident that she could get Tessa playing again. Armed with the CD of the afternoon’s activities she was sure she could get Tessa excited enough about the two girl guitarists (who, pointedly, had not exchanged a single word throughout the entire proceedings) and the mixture of new and old material to get her playing bass in public again. 

      “YOU must encourage her!” she instructed me, as if there was any room for rebuttal. I had been singing Tessa’s praises all day, after all. Ari unveiled her plan: she was going back to Jamaica, or was it Brooklyn? (She had homes in both places) for three months or so and while she was gone I was to get Tessa playing again, find a suitable drummer, organise a rehearsal space, rehearse the band, work up the arrangements – you know… All the while I would be reporting to Ari daily, if not hourly, by phone, fax, email, carrier pigeon. 

      “You mean you want me to be The Slits Musical Director?” I asked her directly. 

    She giggled. “Musi-cal Pimp!” 

    It almost worked for a week or two. Maybe even a month. We had one more session with Ari at my place before she went off to wherever she was going. Tessa wouldn’t come, wasn’t ready to play in front of anyone just yet, so I was still on bass. I had spoken to Tessa on the phone and she was all up for it, just not yet. This time I managed to quiz Ari just a little about some of the records I had loved for so long – The New Age Steppers version of “Stormy Weather” for instance. Ari squeaked with joy at hearing this again. It seemed she hadn’t heard it since she’d recorded it and had forgotten all about it. I HAD to burn it for her. Then there was The Slits Y Records “Retrospective” – a bizarre, amateurish, semi-legit compilation that had never been released on CD. How had the extraordinary arrangement for “Vaseline” been arrived at? Where the girls seem to play through the chart in turn and in every combination of instruments before playing it together in unison – like a punk “installation” of dub? Ari just beamed. I HAD to burn it for her. She gave as good as she got, though, festooning me with CD’s and vinyls of this, that and the other. Her solo album, “More Dread Than Dead”, was a welcome addition, so was the Japanese only CD of the great lost Slits second album “Return Of The Giant Slits”, but more often it was a case of:

      “But Ari, I’ve GOT this.” 

    She would just shrug. “So have another one”.

    We worked out a handshake deal. I would tot up the hours I worked on the Slits project and I would invoice her for the full amount when the record deal was signed and the advance came through. God knows, I’d worked enough on spec in the past for far less exciting projects. I would have done it for nothing but Ari was most insistent on everything being on the up and up. In her own way, she was extremely professional. I wrote charts for the guitars, worked out bass parts from records, went round to see Tessa to pep talk her through them. Reported dutifully back to Ari. Tried to find a drummer but then Ari found one – a German girl named Anna. One small problem: she lived in Germany. Much bigger problem: the girl guitarists couldn’t or wouldn’t work together. I first fell out with guitar case girl over her flat refusal to learn the parts I had written out; then, more disturbingly, I fell out with my friend over her flat refusal to practice anything at all. She had got herself into a blind panic about the whole damn thing, felt that she had been bamboozled (which she had been) and was in sullen mutiny mode. We had a couple of desultory sessions round at my place where Tessa turned up and, like the talented old pro that she is, played her parts perfectly, but the truth was that without Ari’s wild and infectious enthusiasm we were a sorry and (in my case) ridiculous bunch. We needed the lead singer. Without her to take the reins it was going nowhere. 

    I sadly tendered my resignation as The Slits Musical Director to Ari over the phone. She took it philosophically. After all, it rather flattered her that we were incapable of getting it together without her. A couple of months later, she returned to the UK, with German drummer lady in attendance, and put it all together herself. She got them a gig at Selfridges’s of all places, a dodgy manager, a dodgy record deal, a dodgy American tour (where the girls all had to pretend to be on holiday to avoid visa hassles) – she was full of energy and purpose. I made up with my friend who (thankfully) saw the wisdom of sticking with it and who subsequently got to see a side of life and a chunk of the world that had hitherto been unknown to her. Ari and I stayed in touch – not exactly mates, not exactly former colleagues, more out of a sort of butterfly curiosity (on her part) and something quite like love (on mine). Of course she could be quite impossible. She had developed the terrible habit of complaining, which, once acquired, is so hard to break. Once she called me up on Christmas Day to complain about my friends behaviour on the road (dodgy boyfriend problems). I took her by surprise by mocking her – hadn’t she called me up to wish me a Merry Christmas? No? Oh let’s have a good old moan about something on Christmas Day then, shall we? To my surprise she changed tack immediately and started chuckling. I had called her bluff. It wasn’t until after the phone call ended that I realised that she must have been calling me from Johnny Rotten’s house (he was referred to as The Wicked Stepfather – a title which he rather enjoyed, apparently). She and Tessa came to one of my gigs once, just a little wine bar gig on Portobello Road. I looked out from the stage and there they were. That was a good feeling. Of course I went to the Selfridges’s gig. What a fiasco! The band was under-rehearsed (hah!) and I was still convinced that guitar case girl couldn’t actually play but what a joy to see Ari fronting a version of The Slits again. You can imagine how she exhorted the audience to take her at her word during an extended version of “Shoplifiting” – or was it just that they played it three times in a row? I can’t remember. What was left of the old Class of ’76 was out in force to see them too, no surprises there, but I couldn’t help noticing how old and used up they looked in comparison to Ari. Yes, she was physically younger but only by four years or so. The difference was more in the eyes. Ari was a perpetual child, a shameless exhibitionist, but she had style, she had spark, she made a difference when she walked into a room or onto a stage. She was special. 

    Tessa had given my number to Viv Albertine as a guitar teacher and she had called me up to book a few guitar lessons. That was funny. How do you teach someone as individual, as defiantly self-taught as that? It seemed that when the new Slits were up and running, Ari had finally realised for herself that guitar case girl couldn’t play and while my friend was proving a bit flaky Viv had expressed an interest in maybe, just maybe, joining up again. But she hadn’t played in nearly 25 years. I mean, REALLY hadn’t played in nearly 25 years. She had left it all behind when the original Slits had split in 1983. She had got married, raised a family, started a whole new life. But now? She had bought herself a Telecaster and was itching to get back in the game. My job? Get her playing again, in a sense, do for her what I had tried to do for Tessa. We quickly established a modus operandi: we would pick an old Slits song and I would work out what she had played on it and then teach it back to her. Only problem: Viv’s original guitar parts were almost as opaque as an Antennae Jimmy Semens or Zoot Horn Rollo part from “Trout Mask Replica”. She had originally been instructed, or de-constructed, by Keith Levene of PiL and, my God, it showed. We would chuckle about it but all the while I was sweating my ears off trying to figure out just what she had done. And then to have to teach such idiosyncratic guitar parts to their own creator! It was one of the strangest and most gratifying jobs I have ever had as, after only a few sessions, she started to sound just like – Viv Albertine. Her sense of pride in her own musicianship increased before my very eyes as, just like riding a bicycle, it all started coming back to her. Thus emboldened, she started writing songs again and decided she didn’t want to work under Ari’s leadership after all but would prefer to start her own project under her own name, which she has done. 

    When I heard that Ari had died I didn’t believe it. How could someone so completely, so outrageously alive as Ari be dead? She was only 48, after all. It was Viv who confirmed it by texting me. And then Tessa called. Then I had to believe it. Last time I’d seen Ari she was walking down Westbourne Grove with Tessa eating an ice cream. That would have been summer 2009. I hadn’t seen her for a year or more and she looked older. I had no idea (did anyone?) of how ill she was, how little time she had. She smiled that mischievous smile. She and Tessa looked like such naughty girls. I felt so proud to know them, that such dangerous-to-know looking women would stop and say hello to me. I miss Ari. I know I’m not the only one, I know there are others who miss her so much more (like her three children for a start) but I can’t speak for them. I can only say how sad it makes me to think I will never hear that mad voice again. Or hear her sing in person again. Another time, maybe, I or someone else should write of just how much Ari and The Slits meant to my generation, how they entertained us, educated us, made us laugh, dance, think, how they made a difference – making all us blokes think about feminism for a start. But for now I’ll let Ari have the last word:

      “Yeah, you know, sometime in these clubs, you know? It’s like walking into a cigarette box or ashtray and that’s how they’ve been treating music, you know? Under the dumps. But if we just all share music together in meditation instead of frustration ‘cos that’s what these clubs bring, we can open it up in the free again, ‘cos that’s where music go to. Not true?” 



  • From ‘She Loves You’ to ‘Paint It, Black’

    This is 80 minutes of music that documents a revolution in English culture that permanently changed the way that England sounded and felt about itself. I say England rather than Britain because all this music was made by Englishmen – notwithstanding Paul McCartney’s Irish ancestors, or anyone else’s. Some might say that the revolution started earlier with the release of The Beatles first record, “Love Me Do”, in October 1962, but I have chosen “She Loves You” as the starting point because it was such a huge hit – the biggest hit that any English group had ever made up to that time. There could be no going back after that. 

    The Rolling Stones appeared next, first with a tentative and unsuccessful cover of a Chuck Berry song (“Come On”) but then with an all-out primal assault on a Beatles song. Then it was 1964 and the revolution began in earnest: Mary Quant, Carnaby Street, the whole Swinging 60s THING that has been documented to death so many times. Instead of that, what I am trying to do here is to go back to the music itself. What does it say about England and how it changed in such a short space of time? Of course these hits are all well known. But that’s why I felt it would be instructive (and fun) to put them all together, in chronological order of release, in their original mono (the way they were produced to be heard) and listen to them back to back. 

    Where are the girls you may well ask? Dusty? Sandy? Cilla? Lulu? They were just as important to the revolution of ’64-66 but that is for a different compilation. Restricting ourselves to The Big Four (Beatles, Stones, Kinks, Who) excludes a lot of great music but in almost every case, it is great music that took its cue from one of these groups, from one or more of these records. It’s almost too rich to digest, this script. Over fifty years later its echoes ripple on and on, through every attempt to belittle or over inflate. It was a genuine popular renaissance. There hadn’t really been one before and there hasn’t really been one since – unless you give punk more credit than it deserves. Was it a huge sigh of relief at winning World War Two? “We’re not going back to how it was before.” An economic boom? The result of never having had it so good. The invention of the teenager. All this has been written into the ground. Instead, let’s listen to the music. And let’s listen to the words. What are they saying? How quickly we go from simple romance to lust to…what? To 19 nervous breakdowns, to cries for help, to pleas for universal understanding, to mocking a mannequin? Listen to the tunes. From Brill Building knock offs to blues tributes to…what? Where do these melodies come from? Folksong, Music Hall, India – who are these friends across the river that Ray Davies is so wistfully yearning for? Listen to the way the guitars are being played. The approach to musicianship in general – exclusively and gloriously self-taught, not a trained musician in sight. That in itself would have been unthinkable only a few months before “She Loves You”. Listen to the production, the birth of multitracking in the UK. The idea of the mixing desk as another instrument, pushing the boundaries of what could be achieved with high volume and massive compression. This was entirely new. 

    Of the four groups, The Beatles were the most polished, the most obviously talented, the ones most attached to the showbiz values that had gone before. But where did that feedback at the beginning of “I Feel Fine” come from? That strange isolated dominant minor 11th chord at the start of “A Hard Day’s Night”? The harmonium on “We Can Work It Out”? As it became clear that whatever they touched would inevitably turn to gold the temptation might have been to become complacent. But instead they upped their game. Blessed with the most brilliant producer in George Martin, their every release had to show an innovation of some kind. The only limit was their imagination. The Rolling Stones, meanwhile, had their noses most firmly pressed up against the window of Black America – and were rewarded with the only blues record to ever make No.1 in the UK (“Little Red Rooster”). Once they had achieved success they quickly moved their recording operations to America, in the hope that the sound of the music they loved would rub off on their own efforts. But paradoxically they became more English with each release, documenting the frustration and boredom of stardom with a curiously detached rage. The Kinks were, in many ways, the most original and still under-appreciated to this day. They invented hard rock, yes, but no sooner had they done so than they abandoned it. Ray Davies’s songwriting could never be constrained by the limits of heavy riffs and pounding drums (although he always retained a fondness for them). There are so many subtleties in the music he wrote for The Kinks, so many reasons why it stands outside time. The Who began by plagiarising them but then set off an explosion all their own. When the smoke cleared there was wit and intelligence there, and an eccentric anti-romanticism that came to brief fruition just after our little window closes. Yes, this collection covers less than three years. 

    I have timed it to fit onto one CD but “Paint It, Black” seems an appropriate place to stop. The Rolling Stones had gone from apeing Bo Diddley to Moroccan furnishings and sitars. From speed and alcohol to marijuana and LSD – yes, the drugs are a whole other story that provides probably the most reliable account of what actually happened in this time. From tough, world weary songs about women (that they didn’t write) to adolescent nihilism; “Paint It, Black” (what is the significance of the comma?!) has proven itself to be remarkably durable. Teaching guitar to teenage boys in the 21st century I have found it is by far the most popularly requested Rolling Stones song. But there was more than adolescent angst going on in these songs, these songs written and played by young men in some cases still in their teens (Dave Davies and Keith Moon). This was the soundtrack to a bloodless coup. That the spoils were wasted and squandered in self-indulgence is a shame. A terrible lost opportunity but perhaps it was inevitable. This will be argued over long after all the fighters in this revolution are dead – and they are inevitably dying off now. But that there were spoils is not in doubt. In amongst the London buses painted like liquorice allsorts, outside a commercial building painted with day-glo murals there was a genuine questioning of the Victorian work ethic, of the value of the Industrial-Military Complex. People trained to rule simply saying: “No”. Once upon a time, these things happened. Of course it couldn’t last. Utopia eventually gets boring and besides, look at all those poor people over there…

    But there was a moment there – somewhere between August 1963 and May 1966 – when England really seemed to rule the world, before sinking inexorably into the Atlantic. This music was its soundtrack. 

    1. She Loves You – THE BEATLES  (23.8.63 – 1)

    2. I Wanna Be Your Man – THE ROLLING STONES  (1.11.63 – 12)

    3. I Want To Hold Your Hand – THE BEATLES  (29.11.63 – 1)

    4. Not Fade Away – THE ROLLING STONES  (21.2.64 – 3)

    5. Can’t Buy Me Love – THE BEATLES  (20.3.64 – 1)

    6. It’s All Over Now – THE ROLLING STONES  (23.6.64 – 1)

    7.  A Hard Day’s Night – THE BEATLES (10.7.64 – 1)

    8. You Really Got Me – THE KINKS (7.8.64 – 1)

    9. All Day And All Of The Night – THE KINKS (23.10.64 – 2)

    10.Little Red Rooster – THE ROLLING STONES (13.11.64 – 1)

    11.I Feel Fine -THE BEATLES (27.11.64 – 1)

    12.I Can’t Explain – THE WHO (15.1.65 – 

    13.Tired Of Waiting For You – THE KINKS (15.1.65 – 1)

    14.The Last Time – THE ROLLING STONES (26.2.65 – 1)

    15. Everybody’s Gonna Be Happy – THE KINKS (19.3.65 – 17)

    16.Ticket To Ride – THE BEATLES (9.4.65 – 1)

    17. Anyway Anyhow Anywhere – THE WHO (21.5.65 – 10)

    18.Set Me Free – THE KINKS (21.5.65 – 9)

    19.Help! – THE BEATLES (23.7.65 – 1)

    20.See My Friend – THE KINKS (30.7.65 – 10)

    21.(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction – THE ROLLING STONES (20.8.65 – 1)

    22.Get Off Of My Cloud – THE ROLLING STONES (22.10.65 – 1)

    23. My Generation – THE WHO (29.10.65 – 2)

    24.Till The End Of The Day – THE KINKS (19.11.65 – 

    25.Day Tripper – THE BEATLES (3.12.65 – 1)

    26.We Can Work It Out – THE BEATLES (3.12.65 – 1)

    27.19th Nervous Breakdown – THE ROLLING STONES (4.2.66 – 2)

    28.Dedicated Follower Of Fashion – THE KINKS (25.2.66 – 4)

    29.Substitute – THE WHO (4.3.66 – 5)

    30.Paint It, Black – THE ROLLING STONES (1.5.66 – 1)

    All titles taken from original mono 45s. The figures in brackets after the artist name are the record’s original release date and its highest chart position.

  • The Beatles Decca Audition

    (This is a work of imagination)

    Fifty years ago today, a scraggy little removal van appeared in the streets of West Hampstead, London. Its driver had been up all night, driving down from Liverpool. In those days there was no proper motorway link between the two cities so the journey took at least eight hours. It was freezing cold and there was no effective heating in the van. The pep pills had worn off just as it began to get light and the sense of fatigue was palpable. In the back of the van were four young men aged between 18 and 21, draped precariously across a selection of battered and primitive amplifiers and instrument cases for guitars and drums, many of which were held together by masking tape. The boys weight, lurching and shifting about with the bends of the road, made it seem almost inevitable that something or someone would be thrown to the floor or the walls of the van and broken or injured. Miraculously, this never seemed to really occur. Perhaps it was the atmosphere of excitement that magnetized solid objects into behaving and occasionally defying the laws of gravity. The boys had not been able to sleep. They were tired, very tired. They had done a long gig the night before in Liverpool and piled straight into the van for the trip to London without time to go home and rest or even change their clothes. They had all (with one exception) taken handfuls of slimming pills to stay awake but even without the amphetamines they would have found it hard to sleep. Discomfort be damned, this was the day The Beatles were going to audition for a recording contract with Decca Records. Their first shot at the big time. Discussions about what to perform had been long and rowdy. Their leader had wanted to stick to the numbers that most pleased their audiences: solid rock’n’roll with a ballad or two from his sidekick. The junior member could do a bit of Buddy Holly and the drummer’s opinion didn’t count and was not solicited. The drummer was the only one who had managed to get any sleep and the others hated him for not being excited enough to stay awake (the fact that he had refused, as usual, any chemical stimulants only added to his pariah status). But then their manager – urbane, older, well versed in showbusiness – had thrown a spanner in the works. He had pointed out that rock’n’roll was all very well for the ballrooms and the pubs but if they wanted a career in showbusiness, as they undoubtedly did, they should set their sights on Light Entertainment. That way they could get regular work on BBC radio and television. What did they have up their sleeves that other provincial rock’n’roll bands didn’t? Original material, yes, but who broke through in Britain with original material, songs that no-one had ever heard? No, it was their eccentric selection of showtunes and obscure standards, jammed roughly into shape to pad out the endless hours of their Hamburg performances that they should concentrate on for their audition. Lennon was aghast. Brian couldn’t be serious. But he could tell from Paul’s reaction that the decision made sense. So a compromise was struck. Grimly putting his shoulder to the wheel, he helped Paul and George put together a list that would include such non-rock’n’roll fare as “September In The Rain” and “The Sheik Of Araby”. They should ham it up, Brian said. They loved The Goons, didn’t they? Let it show. Lennon perked up at that. An opportunity for silly voices always put him in a good mood. He could still do “Money”, just to show how hard they could be, and Paul could do “Searchin’”. Only trouble was, now that they were approaching London, it became clear that both his and Paul’s voices were shot. They had colds, they had sung too long the night before (and the night before that), they were coming down off speed. God… What were they going to do? George would have to sing a lot more than just one number if they were going to get through this. Brian wouldn’t like that. But there was nothing for it. He broke the news to George who just grinned. Lennon chuckled grimly to himself – they were so fuckin’ good it would take more than a couple of colds to ruin their audition…

    Mal was asking directions – again. They were running out of time. Where the fuck is West Hampstead anyway? At this rate, they wouldn’t even get any breakfast. Never mind, they weren’t hungry. They finally found the studio. Disgorging themselves from the van, limbs aching, they then had to hump the amplifiers up a flight of rickety stairs. The weather was foul. Frost and rain, freezing wind. Brian appeared, looking indecently rested, having spent the night in a London hotel. Impeccable as ever, camel hair coat, suit and tie, shaved, drenched in cologne. “Where have you been?” he started fretting and fussing. Lennon glared at him and he shut up like a trap. “Got lost”, said Neil. That was all the explanation Brian was going to get and he knew better than to ask for more. The Decca engineers were salty and irritable at having to work on New Year’s Day but when they saw the raggedness of The Beatles a degree of compassion crept into their demeanour and they even found themselves helping to lug the gear. Setting up, however, proved a nightmare. The amplifiers had not enjoyed the trip. The extreme changes of temperature drastically increased their usual rattles and crackles. The engineers were ready to pull the session on the grounds of equipment failure but, once again, looking at The Beatles faces, they found they didn’t have the heart to do it. The first takes were atrocious. Out of tune, out of time, voices ragged, mic technique non-existent. The engineers declared a break for coffee. Brian and The Beatles huddled together in a corner of the studio – as though for warmth. Brian mothered them, cajoled them, scolded them, encouraged them, believed in them. They drank coffee and smoked cigarettes. Brian withdrew to the control room and they resumed. This time things went better. A few usable takes started to appear in the can. They breezed through the tunes they had decided upon. Lennon did his Charles Hawtrey in “The Shiek Of Araby” and Brian laughed out loud. The engineers smiled. The producer looked delighted. It was just beginning to go their way when time ran out. McCartney’s pleas for one more take of “September In The Rain” were ignored. Copies of the tape were made. Brian would get an acetate through the post. One of the Londoners, a Decca staffer, said the words: “We’ll let you know.”

  • Rocking Goose

    Johnny and the Hurricanes “Rocking Goose” was riding high in the UK charts a couple of months after I was born in July 1960. My parents chose one of their theatre buddies to be my Godmother. Her name was Kristine Howerth and she chose to give me a copy of this record as a present. She disappeared into the sunset not too long after and I have no idea whether she is alive or dead. But her work was done. “Rocking Goose” is a splendid record and a fine introduction to many of the essential aspects of rock’n’roll. Although an instrumental, it contains a wordless vocal refrain – ostensibly sung by the rocking goose itself – following which a violent saxophone duets with a wildly unrestrained electric guitar, all set to an urgent uptempo shuffle over a basic 12 bar blues. It rocks hard and it takes no prisoners. I still have the record after 62 years and it still gets played. In those days, records were pressed to last. I have always been obsessed with records and gramophones. I have no idea why. My parents used to boast to their friends that I could operate their gramophone at the age of 18 months. Around that time I got given a baby battery operated gramophone which came with a little record called “Cha Cha Twist”. It had a yellow label and it played at 78rpm. I still have that one too but it doesn’t get played as often as “Rocking Goose”. Not long after that, another theatre friend of my parents named Derek Hunt gave me a wind up gramophone and a handful of 78s. Bliss. Utter bliss. I still have it and it still works (although you do have to crank the handle for it to get through a complete side of a 78). My idea of heaven as a child was to be given carte blanche to play my parents records. I only ever broke one – an EP containing selections from Roger Livesy’s production of “Perseus & Medusa”. I was utterly mortified and have been looking for a replacement without success ever since. (Debbie Golt, bless her, sent me an mp3 of it as recently as a few months ago but I’m still after the vinyl.) Amongst my parents 78s was a copy of Jerry Lee Lewis’s “Great Balls Of Fire” with “Mean Woman Blues” on the other side. My dad had bought it for a theatre production and kept it when the show was over. I played it a lot. But it was just one of many that I liked. “Come On Baby” by Fred Barnes and his Jelly Babies was very popular too. So was “Cigareets ’n’ Whisky ’n Wild Wild Women”. But the actual act of putting on records, watching them go round, taking them off and putting them back in their sleeves was what I really enjoyed (and still do). The actual music was secondary. If I liked it, that was a bonus. 

    All this preamble is to make clear that I grew up with rock’n’roll in my life. It was always there and I always liked it. But I didn’t really differentiate it very much from other music that I liked. I remember seeing The Beatles on television doing “I Want To Hold Your Hand” and being mesmerised. Soon after, I got taken to see “A Hard Day’s Night” which firmly established The Beatles as religion to me (which they more or less still are) but I didn’t think of them as a rock’n’roll band. They were just The Beatles. My dad liked them too. In fact, he would buy most of their records when they came out so I grew up with them in the house. As someone who tends to regard the 1960s as the highpoint of civilisation I think the reason is simply that I was happy then. Everything was in its place. Uncomplicated. I was popular at school, my parents were still together, my sister was manageable, The Beatles were still together. I would periodically cajole my parents into buying me a record like The Who’s “Happy Jack” and Traffic’s “Hole In My Shoe” which I would play over and over. It wasn’t until the beginning of 1971 that pop music in general took over from football as my all consuming passion. I had always enjoyed “Top Of The Pops” on television but now it became a thing of enormous importance. I bought T.Rex’s “Hot Love” *with my own money* and that was that. From then on, pretty much all my spare cash went on records and so, yea, even unto this very day. (Guitars and amplifiers came later but records have always been there.)

    In addition to records, I have always been an avid reader and I would read everything I could get my hands on about The Beatles and pop music in general. Thus I absorbed Hunter Davies’s “The Beatles: The Official Biography” and Jann Wenner’s “Lennon Remembers” by the time I was about 11. My dear aunts played a hand in this too. One aunt bought me a copy of Lillian Roxon’s “Rock Encyclopaedia” – which was the first of its kind – and the other bought me (big fanfare) Nik Cohn’s “Awopbopaloobop Alopbamboom”. This last, more than anything, shaped my knowledge and understanding of pop history. It was Cohn, with his flamboyant championing of 50s rock’n’roll (and his iconoclastic rubbishing of just about everything that came after) that made me appreciate that Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Eddie Cochran, Gene Vincent et al were part of a movement, a wave, and that the music they made in the 1950s had paved the way for everything that mattered most to me. I have always been thorough in my obsessions and so I made it my business to seek out this music wherever I could find it. Nowadays it’s easy. The entire history of recorded music is just a couple of clicks away, but for a kid in his early teens in the early 1970s with very little money it was a different story. Armed with a precious pound, I would look at Hallmark budget editions of Bill Haley and The Comets for 99p but something told me they were dodgy. Besides, I could get three cut-out 45’s for 30p each and still have change for a chocolate bar. My aunts came to the rescue again, they gave me a little portable cassette recorder for Christmas in 1971 which changed the game. Now I could tape things off the radio or TV with the little microphone provided and thereby harvest and curate to my hearts content. A documentary about the early days of Elvis, The Faces live on ‘In Concert’, Alan Freeman running down the chart on a Saturday afternoon, Alexis Korner arguing with Paul Oliver over something called ‘blues’- such possibilities were only limited by how many batteries and cassettes I could afford. I would tape records and sell them in part exchange for other records (oh! the things that slipped through my fingers). Heady days. It was a full time job. I would keep notebooks documenting the contents of all my tapes and records. For my birthday in 1972 I requested a stopwatch so that I could record the length of tracks before entering them into the log. It was my whole life until I got a guitar and started down that road. Everything I did, thought, felt, aspired to, dreamed of was contained within that music. It’s the reason I became a musician. It’s the reason I didn’t go to university (who had time for school work?) It’s the reason I didn’t go into the family business and become an actor. It was everything. 

    I could always depend on rock’n’roll. Sometimes when my sister and I are talking about some of the bad stuff that went down with our family I say: “I don’t remember that.” “Well you were in your room listening to records”, she will say. I remember when my first girlfriend dumped me for a Dutch karate expert I stole a half bottle of whisky from my parents and locked myself under the headphones with a tape I’d made of The Beatles and The Rolling Stones cover versions of 1950s rock’n’roll songs. It got me through. It always gets me through. Over the years, the half century or so since it took over my life, I have entertained other things. Films certainly, books. I got married, fathered a child, even did a couple of vaguely responsible things that grown ups do like pay into a pension (that I’m now living off). But rock’n’roll has always been there, in the background, waiting to take centre stage at a moment’s notice. Of course, I never became a rock star myself but, to be honest, I’m quite glad. I would almost certainly have drowned in the syrup of success. Either that, or I would just look ridiculous. What’s at stake in celebrating a music founded on youth now that I’m getting old? I can’t abide old men refusing to acknowledge that they are no longer young. It’s foolish at best and pathetic at worst. Perhaps my hardline on this is partly based on my fear that I am guilty of this myself. The Old Leather Jacket syndrome, sufferers from Keith Richards-itis, the paunch barely contained within a band T shirt – it’s nearly always men and it’s something I really do try to avoid. Most of my favourite musicians wore suits and I do believe that after the age of 50, a decent suit is the only chance a man has of looking good. But that’s just my opinion. Good taste is very subjective, after all. Some people call Kiss a rock’n’roll band. But I don’t want to get into aesthetics here. Was is pop? What is rock’n’roll? What is rock? These are questions for ageing men to argue over while their hair falls out and their wives tap their feet to whatever they happen to like. What is not debatable is that the music made by Elvis, Chuck, Richard, Gene, Eddie, Bo etc etc was the original rock’n’roll and that stuff still sounds like dynamite. I remember one time when I was touring and had money in my pocket I bought a 4 cd box set of 1950s rock’n’roll named “Loud, Fast and Out Of Control” – a marvellous title and a beautiful production. If you see it, snap it up. It’s a real labour of love and there isn’t a duff track on it. See, I’m not sure that it was all about youth. Pretty much everybody involved in it was young, yes, and maybe the qualities it was celebrating were all to do with youth, but I’m always about the music and the music itself is about more than that. It’s about the blend of black and white music, the fast tempos, the polyrhythms, the harnessing of what was then new instrumentation (Nik Cohn theorised that it all boiled down to electric guitars), the open expression of lust in the lyrics, the joy of speed (in every sense), the endless *possibilities*. The toughness of the old blues, the sentimentality of country, the free availability of legal amphetamines, the booming post-war economy of America. This is an exotic mid 20th century combination that will not occur again. If you love it, you will never stop loving it and age is irrelevant. 

    Music and me, we are pretty inseparable. I love jazz, blues, Indian classical music, fascinated by Arabic music, African music, old Music Hall, old dance bands from the 1920s and 1930s, psychedelic rock, avant garde wacky stuff that sends people running from the room – I’m there. Plus Bach, Beethoven, all the usual dead white males. But rock’n’roll, ooh my soul! I love it so, and I miss it dearly. Very much I miss it. Being able to go to some grungy pub somewhere, lay out a nominal amount, buy a pint, watch some gang of hopefuls setting up their gear, starting their set, hoping they might do a couple of Chuck Berry tunes, however badly. THAT was my youth. That’s what’s over, never to come again. I wouldn’t have swapped it for the world. But it would be foolish to keep blowing on the embers of a fire that has long gone out. What remains are memories and an abiding love for what started it all. It’s fabulous music, it really is. Frozen in time. Never to grow old. Those old records, some of them nearly 70 years old now, provide proof that once such optimism, such joy was possible. It’s a vision of America that America itself has never matched since. Nor is it likely to. It was a moment. You can analyse the economics, the politics, the sociology – and goodness knows, enough people have made livings from doing precisely that over the last half century – but the music gloriously celebrates itself. And that’s enough. 

  • The Adventures Of My Scoliosis In Japan

    Sometime in 2003, Errol Linton – the leader of the band in which I played – had mentioned that we had a gig at the Park Tower Festival in Tokyo, Japan at the end of the year. I believed him a lot. But sure enough, in the Autumn we all had to troop down to the Japanese Embassy in Piccadily and get our visas. So far so good. 

    A couple of weeks before departure, I did my back in. I mean I really did my back in. I was having a shower and something went click and I doubled over in agony. I could barely climb out of the bathtub. I went upstairs on my hands and knees and phoned one of my students who was a fitness trainer. 

    “Get yourself to a chiropractor” he said. 

    “But I can hardly move!” I cried. 

    “Get yourself to a chiropractor or it will get worse,” he said with terrible certainty. So I looked up a chiropractor in the phone book (those were the days) and made an emergency appointment with a man in Paddington: Dr Ashton Vice – surely the most apt name for a chiropractor. Getting down the stairs, getting myself into a taxi – it all seemed to happen in very slow motion and every movement was blistering pain. But Ashton Vice was great. He sorted me out. A terse, abrupt South African, he x-rayed me and put me on one of his weird machines which sent electricity up my spine while he went off to look at the x-rays. He came back with a triumphant air. 

    “Look at this,” he said. “Would you build a house on that foundation?” He pointed to a kink at the base of my spine. “Congenital scoliosis,” he said with finality. “There was something wrong with your mum’s baking powder.” 

    Although I could see the humour, something in me railed at this. 

    “How dare you insult my mum’s baking powder!” I said. Ashton shrugged. It made horrible sense. My mother had always nagged at me for my dreadful posture, now I saw why. And it was all her fault! Fat lot of good this knowledge did me. “Why now?” I asked Dr Vice. He shrugged again. 

    “It could have happened at any time” he said. He gave me a bunch of exercises to do and prescribed me an industrial strength painkiller. I got myself home again, slowly realising that this whole business was going to bankrupt me. Visits to a chiropractor are not cheap. Neither are taxis. I was perennially broke as musicians are. I did the exercises, took the painkillers. They made me feel sick and sluggish. Horrible. The hell with this, I said to myself, I need some good strong weed. So I phoned a mate who I knew would be able to help me out (thank you, Paddy, eternally) and obtained a little bag of contraband. I still smoked tobacco in those days so I rolled myself a little joint and smoked it. I got absurdly stoned and forgot all about my back pain. I had my medicine. 

    At my next appointment with Dr Vice I told him what I had done. He laughed heartily. 

    “That’s exactly the right thing, but I’m not allowed to prescribe it.” I told him I had to go to Japan the following week, for work. He laughed again. “You’re not going anywhere.” 

    “But I HAVE to go!” I cried. “There are many people depending on it.” He looked at me hard and long. 

    “OK, mate. We’ll get you to Japan”

    He told me not to sit down for too long otherwise I wouldn’t be able to get up again and he wrote a letter for me to hand to the airline staff, requesting an upgrade on medical grounds. (This proved hilarious. I showed it to the airline staff as I boarded. They took it very seriously. “Yes of course, Mr Blake. That will be £500 please.” I didn’t get my upgrade.) I had set out to Heathrow with my cheap Stratocaster in a soft case. No way was I going to fly my Gibson. I had mixed a generous dose of my medicine into a yogurt and ate it in the departure lounge. A couple of hours into the flight and nothing had happened. Damn, I didn’t put enough in, I thought. Then it kicked in. Oh boy… I wandered around the plane, grinning stupidly. I went in and out of First Class. They kicked me out. I went back. They kicked me out. It was quite a game. Next thing I knew I was standing in line at immigration at Tokyo airport, still stoned out of my gourd. “Are we in Japan yet?” I asked Errol and Jean-Pierre and Sam. “Shut up Adam” they said – not unreasonably. 

    We were met by the promoter, driven into the city, shown into a hotel. It was all happening in a dream. We each had our own rooms. Luxury. The loo seat washed your bum after you had used it. Weird. I did my exercises, kept the back pain at bay. We went out for dinner to a local restaurant. Of course, none of us could read Japanese and the restaurant staff didn’t speak English. We would stand up as waiters walked past with dishes and say: “That! Can we have that please?” We got along OK. We got fed. Across the street from the hotel was a service station and I lived for the next three days on rice and seaweed which was their equivalent of junk food. I bet it’s Americanised now. Anyway.

    We were driven to the venue which was just round the corner and sound checked. Also on the bill for the two nights was the legendary Clarence ‘Gatemouth’ Brown. Blues buffs will know him as a great man – guitar and violin virtuoso from Vinton, Louisiana. He was nearly 80 when we met him and he wore a big Stetson hat. He played with the absolute authority of a master. Jean-Pierre and I watched his set from the back of the hall on the first night. At one point, Jean-Pierre turned to me and said: “He invented this stuff.” Yep, he sure did. He was very friendly and on the second night he invited us all up for a jam – one by one. I got up there with my cheap Squier Strat and he motioned for me to take a solo. This I did. Don’t pinch me, I thought. I don’t want to wake up. I am jamming with Clarence ‘Gatemouth’ Brown in Japan. It was all over very quickly and I fell back into the dressing room, completely overwhelmed. The festival was a tax loss for Wild Turkey bourbon and there was masses of it backstage. Anyone who knows me knows that I cannot really drink alcohol. I got absolutely paralytic on this stuff. You know when you get to that point when all you want is for the room to stop spinning and to go to bed? Well I got there in record time. Only trouble was, bed was in a hotel in Tokyo. All the street signs were in Japanese. It was night time. Somehow, and I really have no idea how, some homing instinct took over and I found my way back to my hotel room. The next morning I was told that by leaving so soon, I had missed out on a party/ jam session that had been a gas. What can I say? I’m a lightweight. 

    Also on this trip I visited the Buddhist Centre where I was treated like visiting royalty. They didn’t know I was coming, they just treat people well. “You want guidance?” I was asked. How could I refuse. I was shown into an office with an interpreter and a very old Japanese Buddhist lady. She must be dead now, bless her. She was awe-inspiring. Turned out she was very interested in mathematics and astronomy. We talked about how far prayer can travel through the universe. She told me that I must be specific with the Shoten Zenshin (protective gods). Tell them what I want and get to the point. Oh yes… I will always be grateful to her.

    I can’t remember anything about the long journey home. Really nothing. I was completely done in. In a good way. I went to Japan with a bad back. Jammed with a blues legend, got drunk and received guidance for life. 

    And it’s all thanks to Errol. Nice one, mate. I owe you. 

  • “Love’s Getting Nowhere”

    A new version of an old song.

  • Prog Nightmare

    You are a record collector of a certain age. You have a fondness for late 60s/ early 70s British prog. On holiday in a small seaside town you are browsing 2nd hand records in a junk shop when you come across a record that you have never seen before. You have never heard of the band or the album title. It has an elaborate gatefold sleeve, and it’s on ISLAND Records! Now you pride yourself on your near-encyclopeadic knowledge of the late 60s Island catalogue so this is something of a shock to say the least. You pull the record from the sleeve and, yes, it has a pink Island label. It would seem to be a 1st edition (perhaps the only edition) and it’s in mint condition. It has no price tag and you’re thinking it must be worth a fortune, whatever it is. You ask the shopkeeper. They are indifferent, busy with something else. “You can have it for a tenner”, they say, without looking. You slap a tenner down and all but run out of the shop. You’re on holiday. You don’t have a turntable with you so the record glints at you tantalisingly unplayable while you consult Wikipedia. Nothing. No mention of this band, this record, or any of the musicians listed on the sleeve. You look up the Island Catalogue No. It’s allocated to… withdrawn. Withdrawn. What? What IS this record? You can hardly wait for your holiday to end so you can get home and play this record. Your partner gets thoroughly irritated as you go through the motions of enjoying yourself. They hate this record already. “I wish you’d never set eyes on it!” As a goodwill gesture, you suggest going for a walk along the seafront. Peace reigns and small talk is made about where you will go for dinner. It is one of those perfect late summer English evenings. The seagulls are crying, the smell of fish’n’chips and seaweed. You almost forget the record. But as you both wander along you see a group of four young men, laughing and joking with each other, leapfrogging over bollards, amiably shoving each other the way young men do. Nothing remarkable about them except they all have long hair, scraggly beards. No hoodies or sports fatigues, instead they are wearing tight flared jeans, brushed denim, tye dyed. Instead of trainers, leather boots. As you walk past, you pick up the faint aroma of patchouli and underarms. Odd. They ignore you until you are almost out of sight. Then you notice they have all fallen silent and are looking at you from behind. You find a little restaurant that seems pleasant enough. You and your partner eat an unremarkable meal, pay your bill, leaving a tip that reflects that you are on holiday and are just about to leave when the four young men bundle in through the entrance, laughing and joking noisily as before. They spot you and immediately fall silent. One of them has a knowing smile. The others look uncomfortable. Odd. You smile nervously in their direction and leave without saying anything. 

    The remainder of the holiday passes without incident. The young men are not seen again. Finally, you’re back home. Partner gone out in a huff. “I’ll leave you alone with THE RECORD” said with no small measure of vindictiveness. You remove the record from the impeccable vintage sleeve, dust it (although it is in perfect condition), check for spindle marks again – although you know there are none. You put it on the turntable, lower the stylus onto Side 1. It’s great! Really good! Touches of Traffic, Spooky Tooth, Mott The Hoople, Free – all that that you would have expected, the period trappings of which you are so fond, but the songs are really good! Did Nick Drake hear this? You wonder. Did John Martyn? Could that be Richard Thompson guesting on lead guitar? He’s not listed in the credits. Sure sounds like him. It’s maddening! You can’t find out ANYTHING about this record – and it’s really good. Four songs on Side 1. Not too long, not too short, solos are beautiful models of taste and economy. Flip it over. Side 2 is even better!

    Partner comes home before the end. “Its really good!” You say, beaming like an idiot. “I’m so pleased”. The sarcasm fills the room. You are alone with THE RECORD. What can you do?

    The next day. You wake up after a fitful night’s sleep. The record has disappeared. Completely. You suspect your partner. They deny all knowledge. “What record?” They are convincing. They really don’t know what the hell you’re talking about. It has disappeared. It is as though it never existed…

  • Telepathy In Music

    Dear Adam 

    I’m sure you are right about this but no research has been done as far as I know, and I can’t think how one could do it. Scientific methods are rather blunt and crude and not suited for something as evanescent and subtle as this. Do please tell us more

    Rupert Sheldrake

    ———————————————————————-

    Dear Rupert,

    You have put your finger directly on the problem: if improvising musicians were aware that they were being scientifically tested for evidence of telepathic powers they would almost certainly be too self-conscious to provide any. However, some observations might be interesting. 

    The act of plucking music out of the air, spontaneous composition and performance, relies on the participating musicians having a great sense of intuitive sympathy with each other. There are many forms of this. The kind of improvisation I cited to your colleague was Bebop – the school of jazz pioneered by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie (amongst others) in the mid-1940s. Tragically, this coincided with a recording ban (to do with the United States war effort) so there is very little recorded evidence of what they achieved in the precise moments of their innovations. I have no idea how much, if any, technical knowledge of music you have, or if you have any interest in jazz, but I will plough on.

    The great leap forward that they made relied on a hitherto unrealized thoroughness of knowledge of harmonic and rhythmic circumstances. They had a technical and theoretical facility that was right at the forefront of what was considered possible at the time. On an individual level, Parker seemed to find this came naturally (he was often described as a genius) whereas Gillespie had worked methodically and systematically to arrive at this point over the course of several years. When they met, they recognized immediately that they were working on similar lines and formed a musical partnership whereby they would play trumpet (Gillespie) and alto saxophone (Parker) in front of whatever rhythm sections they could find who were at all sympathetic to their ideas. Their musical revolution spread very quickly amongst musicians. 

    But what of telepathy? There were basically two frameworks they would use: the 12 bar blues and the 32 bar popular song form known as ‘Rhythm Changes’ (often known as “I Got Rhythm”). Whoever was leading the series of improvisations would convolute these frameworks to such an extent, and at such a speed, as to make it as difficult as possible for the other to anticipate or improve or complement it. This was part of the game: to one-up each other. But how did they do this? 1. Memory – of the frameworks involved, and of the results of previous “bouts” 2. Accumulated knowledge – of what gambits were available at any given moment in a constantly shifting landscape of possibilities. 3. Judgment – the wisdom, taste and experience to know what will work.

    This makes it sound a bit like a boxing match but the goal was always music. To actually make music that was pleasing to the ear whilst systematically exhausting all possible permutations of the material. In a completely different context, J.S. Bach attempted something similar in his “Art Of Fugue” and “Musical Offering”. But to return to those three conditions, In my opinion it is the second – accumulated knowledge – that gives rise to telepathic activity. Parker KNEW that Gillespie had as thorough an understanding as he did, and vice versa, and that they were both of them at the cutting edge of uncharted musical territory, creating on their feet, precisely in the moment. A situation like this is very unusual and it created very unusual results. I wish I could point you at specific examples but, as I say, most of what they did went unrecorded. All of this conjecture I am engaging in is based on oral histories and scraps of unofficial recordings made by enthusiastic amateurs (e.g., Dean Benedetti) – also, on retroactive analysis based on studying recordings that DID get made (e.g. “The Famous Alto break”).

    Essentially, jazz is a music that is founded on the ideal of telepathy. The idea that musicians will feel such empathy with each other that they will be able to produce beautiful music together more or less spontaneously. It depends, to some extent, whether or not you acknowledge intuitiveness as a form of telepathy. Certainly a jazz musician (once he has mastered the basics) will be judged by his peers on his intuitive skills. A highly skilled technician who “doesn’t listen” will never be as highly valued by other musicians as someone who maybe has less technical facility but a greater intuitive understanding of what is appropriate in a given or spontaneously improvised musical setting

    There are, of course, other forms of musical improvisation. “Free Improv” has become quite a rarity nowadays but I recall seeing AMM perform on the South Bank. They dispensed with form altogether and often made sounds with “found objects”. The musical collective Henry Cow formed a sort of bridge between the extremism of AMM and more conventional forms of music making. This raises philosophical questions along the lines of “what is music?” which I don’t want to get into here. Although interesting, like a lot of philosophical questions, it is a massive digression. Let us just say that most people know what music sounds like and what it is for. Certainly small children do.

    But one can’t run away from philosophy and it may be that that is the central problem: some things just cannot be quantified, measured, precisely understood and that is precisely why the scientific establishment are wary of, or downright hostile towards discussions on telepathy and why the music of such as Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie is not taught at music schools with the same vigour as Bach or Mozart (both of whom were, ironically, prodigious improvisers). I remember asking my teacher why the music of Terry Riley was not as “respected” in academic circles as that of Philip Glass or Steve Reich. “Because he’s an improviser”, replied my teacher. “The academics don’t know what to make of improvisation. It makes them nervous.”

    Does this ring any bells with you?

    I am sorry if I’ve waffled on without giving any precise examples. I have studied Indian Classical Music too, not in depth but enough to see that they have integrated improvisation into their formal pieces in a natural and unforced way that we in the West could learn a great deal from. We could also talk about the work of John Coltrane and Rashied Ali but it’s just more of the same, only more concentrated (it also excludes the casual listener in a way that a lot of Parker and Gillespie’s work did not.)

    I do hope that this has been of some interest to you.

    All the best

    Adam Blake